Lithium mabhatiri ndiyo inokurumidza kukura bhatiri system mumakore makumi maviri apfuura uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.Kuputika kuchangobva kuitika kwenharembozha nemalaptops ndiko kuputika kwebhatiri.Mabhatiri efoni neelaptop anotaridzika sei, mashandire aanoita, nei achiputika, uye kuti angaadzivisa sei.
Maside effects anotanga kuitika kana lithium cell yawandisa kune voltage yakakwira kudarika 4.2V.Iyo yakanyanya kuwandisa prechaji, inowedzera njodzi.Pamagetsi akakwirira kupfuura 4.2V, kana isingasviki hafu yeatomu ye lithiamu yakasara mu cathode zvinhu, sero yekuchengetedza inowanzoputsika, zvichiita kuti kuderera kwechigarire mubhatiri simba.Kana iyo charge ikaramba ichienderera, inotevera lithium simbi inotutira pamusoro peiyo cathode zvinhu, sezvo iyo cathode yekuchengetera sero yakatozara ne lithium maatomu.Aya maatomu e-lithium anokura dendritic crystals kubva pacathode pamusoro akananga kune lithium ion.Iyo lithium crystals ichapfuura nepakati pediaphragm bepa, kupfupisa anode uye cathode.Dzimwe nguva bhatiri rinoputika pasati paitika pfupi pfupi.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti panguva yekuchajiswa, zvinhu zvakaita semaelectrolyte anotsemuka kuti abudise gasi izvo zvinoita kuti bhatiri casing kana kumanikidza vharafu kuzvimba uye kuputika, zvichiita kuti okisijeni iite nemaatomu elithium akaunganidzwa pamusoro peiyo negative electrode uye inoputika.
Naizvozvo, kana lithium bhatiri ichichaja, zvinodikanwa kuseta iyo voltage yekumusoro muganho, kufunga nezvehupenyu hwebhatiri, huwandu, uye kuchengeteka.Iyo yakakodzera yekuchaja voltage yekumusoro muganho ndeye 4.2V.Panofanirawo kunge paine yakaderera voltage muganho kana lithium masero anobuda.Kana sero voltage inowira pasi pe2.4V, zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinotanga kuparara.Uye nekuti bhatiri richazviburitsa rega, isa iyo yakareba iyo voltage ichave yakaderera, saka, zvakanakisa kusaburitsa 2.4V kumisa.Kubva pa3.0V kusvika pa2.4V, lithium mabhatiri anoburitsa chete 3% yehuwandu hwavo.Naizvozvo, 3.0V ndiyo yakanakira discharge cut-off voltage.Paunenge uchichaja uye uchiburitsa, mukuwedzera kune voltage muganho, muganho wazvino unodiwa zvakare.Kana ikozvino yakanyanyisa, lithium ions haina nguva yekupinda muchitokisi chekuchengetedza, ichaunganidza pamusoro pezvinhu.
Maion aya paanowana maerekitironi, anovheneka maatomu e-lithium pamusoro pezvinhu, izvo zvinogona kuva nengozi sekuwedzeresa.Kana bhatiri rikaputsika, rinoputika.Naizvozvo, kuchengetedzwa kwe lithium ion bhatiri kunofanirwa kunge kunosanganisira iyo yekumusoro muganho wekuchaja voltage, yakaderera muganho wekuburitsa voltage uye wepamusoro muganho wezvino.Kazhinji, kuwedzera kune lithium bhatiri core, pachava neplate yekudzivirira, iyo inonyanya kupa izvi zvitatu kudzivirira.Nekudaro, ndiro yekudzivirira yeava matatu kudzivirira zviri pachena kuti haina kukwana, iyo yepasi rose lithium bhatiri kuputika zviitiko kana kazhinji.Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemabhatiri masisitimu, kuongororwa kwakadzama kwechikonzero chekuputika kwebhatiri kunodiwa.
Chikonzero chekuputika:
1. Kukura kwemukati polarization;
2.Panda chidimbu chinotora mvura uye chinopindirana ne electrolyte gas drum;
3.Unhu uye kushanda kwe electrolyte pachayo;
4.Kuwanda kwejekiseni remvura haigoni kusangana nezvinodiwa;
5. Iyo laser welding seal performance haina kunaka mukugadzirira, uye kubuda kwemhepo kunoonekwa.
6. Guruva uye danda-chidimbu guruva zviri nyore kukonzera microshort circuit kutanga;
7.Positive uye yakashata ndiro yakakora kudarika maitiro ekugadzirisa, zvakaoma kukanda;
8. Dambudziko rekuisa chisimbiso chejekiseni remvura, kusaisa chisimbiso kushanda kwebhora resimbi kunotungamira kune gasi dhiramu;
9.Shell incoming material shell wall yakanyanya kukora, deformation yegoko inokanganisa ukobvu;
10. Iyo yakakwirira ambient tembiricha kunze zvakare ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kuputika.
Mhando yekuputika
Kuputika kwemhando Kuongorora Mhando dzebhatiri core explosion dzinogona kuverengerwa sekunze kupfupi wedunhu, mukati mepfupi dunhu, uye overcharge.Iyo yekunze pano inoreva kunze kwesero, kusanganisa kupfupika kunokonzerwa nekushata kwekumisa dhizaini yemukati bhatiri pack.Kana dunhu repfupi rikaitika kunze kwesero, uye zvikamu zvemagetsi zvikatadza kugura loop, sero rinoburitsa kupisa kwakanyanya mukati, zvichiita kuti chikamu che electrolyte chife, bhatiri goko.Kana tembiricha yemukati yebhatiri yakakwira kusvika 135 madhigirii celsius, bepa re diaphragm remhando yakanaka rinovhara gomba rakanaka, electrochemical reaction inogumiswa kana kupotsa yapera, kunyura kwazvino, uye tembiricha inodonhawo zvishoma nezvishoma, nokudaro kudzivirira kuputika. .Asi bepa re diaphragm rine mwero wakashata wekuvhara, kana risingavhare zvachose, rinochengeta bhatiri richidziya, kunyungudutsa electrolyte yakawanda, uye pakupedzisira kuputika bhatiri casing, kana kutosimudza tembiricha yebhatiri kusvika panopisa zvinhu. uye inoputika.Iyo yemukati pfupi yedunhu inonyanya kukonzerwa neburr yefoiri yemhangura uye aluminiyumu foil inobaya diaphragm, kana dendritic crystals yelithium atomu inobaya diaphragm.
Aya madiki, masimbi akafanana netsono anogona kukonzera microshort maseketi.Nekuda kwekuti tsono yacho yakatetepa uye ine kumwe kupikisa kukosha, yazvino haisati yanyanya kukura.Iwo mabhura emhangura aluminium foil anokonzerwa mukugadzira maitiro.Chiitiko chinocherechedzwa ndechekuti bhatiri rinodonha nekukurumidza, uye mazhinji acho anogona kuongororwa nemafekitori esero kana zvidyarwa zvemagungano.Uye nekuti mabhura ari madiki, dzimwe nguva anopisa, zvichiita kuti bhatiri ridzokere kune zvakajairika.Nokudaro, mukana wekuputika kunokonzerwa ne burr micro short circuit hauna kukwirira.Maonero akadaro, anogona kazhinji kubhadharisa kubva mukati mesero fekitori yega yega, iyo voltage pane yakaderera bhatiri yakaipa, asi kashoma kuputika, kuwana kutsigirwa kwenhamba.Nokudaro, kuputika kunokonzerwa nekati pfupi yemukati kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuwedzera.Nekuti kune tsono-senge lithium simbi makristasi pese pese pane yakawandisa rear electrode sheet, puncture point dziri pese pese, uye micro-short circuit inoitika kwese kwese.Naizvozvo, tembiricha yesero inokwira zvishoma nezvishoma, uye pakupedzisira tembiricha yepamusoro ichaita electrolyte gasi.Mamiriro ezvinhu aya, ingave tembiricha yakanyanyisa kuita kuti zvinhu zvinopisa zviputike, kana goko rakatanga kuputswa, kuitira kuti mhepo mukati uye lithium metal inotyisa oxidation, ndiwo magumo ekuputika.
Asi kuputika kwakadaro, kunokonzerwa nekati pfupi yemukati inokonzerwa nekuwedzera, haifaniri kuitika panguva yekubhadhara.Zvinogoneka kuti vatengi vamire kuchaja voburitsa mafoni avo bhatiri risati rapisa zvekupisa zvinhu uye kugadzira gasi rakakwana kupaza bhatiri casing.Kupisa kunoitwa neakawanda mapfupi maseketi zvishoma nezvishoma kunodziya bhatiri uye, mushure menguva yakati, inoputika.Tsananguro yakajairika yevatengi ndeyekuti vakasimudza nhare ndokuona ichipisa zvakanyanya, ndokuirasa ichibva yaputika.Kubva pamhando dzepamusoro dzekuputika, tinogona kutarisa nezvekudzivirira kwepamusoro, kudzivirira kwekunze kwechidimbu chekunze, nekuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwesero.Pakati pavo, kudzivirira kwekuwedzera uye yekunze pfupi yedunhu ndeyekudzivirira kwemagetsi, iyo yakabatana zvakanyanya nekugadzirwa kwebhatiri system uye bhatiri pack.Chinhu chakakosha chekuvandudzwa kwesero kuchengetedza makemikari uye mechanical kuchengetedza, iyo ine hukama hukuru nevanogadzira masero.
Dambudziko rakavanzika rakachengeteka
Kuchengetedzwa kwe lithium ion bhatiri hakusi kungoenderana nehunhu hwesero zvinhu pachayo, asiwo zvine chekuita nehunyanzvi hwekugadzirira uye kushandiswa kwebhatiri.Mabhatiri enharembozha anogara achiputika, kune rumwe rutivi, nekuda kwekutadza kwedunhu redziviriro, asi zvinonyanya kukosha, chimiro chechinhu hachina kugadzirisa dambudziko.
Cobalt acid lithium cathode active material isimba rakakura kwazvo mumabhatiri madiki, asi mushure mekuchaja yakazara, pachine akawanda e lithium ion pane anode, kana yakawandisa, inosara muanode ye lithium ion inotarisirwa kudirana kune anode. , inoumbwa pane cathode dendrite iri kushandisa cobalt acid lithium bhatiri overcharge corollary, kunyangwe mune yakajairika kuchaja uye kubuda muitiro, Panogonawo kunge kune yakawandisa lithium ions yakasununguka kune iyo yakaipa electrode kuita dendrites.Iyo theoretical chaiyo simba re lithium cobalate zvinhu zvinodarika 270 mah/g, asi iyo chaiyo chiyero inongova hafu yeiyo theoretical kugona kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwayo bhasikoro.Mukati mekushandiswa, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero (sekukuvadzwa kweiyo manejimendi system) uye bhatiri yekuchaja voltage yakawandisa, chikamu chasara che lithium muyakanaka electrode chinobviswa, kuburikidza ne electrolyte kuenda kune negative electrode pamusoro. chimiro che lithium metal deposition kuti iite dendrites.Dendrites Pierce iyo diaphragm, ichigadzira yemukati pfupi dunhu.
Chinhu chikuru che electrolyte ndiyo carbonate, iyo ine nzvimbo yakaderera uye yakaderera.Ichapisa kana kuputika mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.Kana bhatiri rinopisa, rinotungamirira kune oxidation uye kuderedza carbonate mu electrolyte, zvichiita kuti gasi rakawanda uye kuwedzera kupisa.Kana pasina chivharo chekuchengetedza kana gasi risina kusunungurwa kuburikidza nevhavha yekudzivirira, kumanikidzwa kwemukati kwebheteri kuchakwira zvakanyanya uye kunokonzera kuputika.
Polymer electrolyte lithium ion bhatiri haigadzirise dambudziko rekuchengetedza, lithium cobalt acid uye organic electrolyte inoshandiswa zvakare, uye iyo electrolyte iri colloidal, isiri nyore kudonha, ichaitika zvakanyanya kupisa kwechisimba, kupisa ndiro dambudziko guru repolymer bhatiri kuchengetedzwa.
Panewo mamwe matambudziko nekushandiswa kwebhatiri.Yekunze kana yemukati pfupi yedunhu inogona kuburitsa mashoma mazana amperes ekunyanyisa ikozvino.Kana yekunze ipfupi yedunhu ikaitika, bhatiri rinobva raburitsa hombe ikozvino, richipedza huwandu hukuru hwesimba uye ichigadzira kupisa kukuru pakupikisa kwemukati.Iyo yemukati pfupi yedunhu inoumba yakakura ikozvino, uye tembiricha inokwira, zvichiita kuti diaphragm inyunguduke uye nzvimbo pfupi yedunhu iwedzere, nekudaro kugadzira kutenderera kwakashata.
Lithium ion bhatiri kuitira kuti iwane imwe sero 3 ~ 4.2V yakakwirira kushanda voltage, inofanira kutora kuparara kwevoltage yakakura kupfuura 2V organic electrolyte, uye kushandiswa kweiyo organic electrolyte mune yakakwira ikozvino, yakanyanya tembiricha mamiriro achaiswa electrolyzed, electrolytic. gasi, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwemukati kumanikidzwa, zvakakomba zvichapaza nepakati pegoko.
Kuwedzeredza kunogona kukonzera lithium simbi, kana iri kuputika kwegomba, kusangana kwakananga nemhepo, zvichikonzera kupisa, panguva imwechete kupisa electrolyte, murazvo wakasimba, kukurumidza kuwedzera kwegesi, kuputika.
Uye zvakare, kune nhare mbozha lithium ion bhatiri, nekuda kwekushandisa zvisina kunaka, senge extrusion, kukanganisa uye kunwa kwemvura kunotungamirira mukuwedzera kwebhatiri, deformation uye kuputika, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinotungamirira kubheteri pfupi, mukubuda kana kubhadharisa kunokonzerwa. nekuputika kwekupisa.
Kuchengetedzwa kwemabhatiri e lithium:
Kuti udzivise kuwandisa kana kuwandisa kunokonzerwa nekushandisa zvisina kunaka, katatu kudzivirira nzira inoiswa mune imwechete lithium ion bhatiri.Imwe ndeye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoshandura, kana kutonhora kwebheteri kuchikwira, kupikisa kwayo kuchakwira, kana kutonhora kwakanyanya, kuchangomisa magetsi;Chechipiri ndechekusarudza iyo yakakodzera yekuparadzanisa zvinhu, kana kutonhora kuchikwira kune imwe kukosha, iyo micron pores pachikamu inozozvinyungudika, kuitira kuti lithium ions irege kupfuura, bhatiri remukati rekuita rinomira;Yechitatu ndeyekugadzirisa vharafu yekuchengetedza (kureva, gomba remhepo riri pamusoro pebhatiri).Kana kudzvanywa kwemukati kwebhatiri kuchikwira kune imwe kukosha, vharafu yekudzivirira ichavhura yega kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri.
Dzimwe nguva, kunyange zvazvo bhatiri pachayo ine matanho ekudzivirira kuchengetedza, asi nekuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nekukundikana kwekutonga, kushayikwa kwevhavhavha yekudzivirira kana gasi haina nguva yekusunungura kuburikidza nevhavhavhavhavhavha yekudzivirira, kumanikidzwa kwemukati kwebheteri kuchakwira zvakanyanya uye kunokonzera. kuputika.Kazhinji, simba rose rakachengetwa mumabhatiri e-lithium-ion rinopesana nekuchengetedzwa kwavo.Sezvo huwandu hwebhatiri hunowedzera, huwandu hwebhatiri hunowedzerawo, uye kushanda kwayo kwekupisa kupisa kunoderera, uye mukana wetsaona uchawedzera zvakanyanya.Kune mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anoshandiswa munharembozha, chinodiwa ndechekuti mukana wetsaona dzekuchengetedza unofanirwa kunge uri pasi peimwe mumiriyoni, inovawo mwero wakaderera unogamuchirwa neveruzhinji.Kune yakakura-inokwana mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, kunyanya kumotokari, zvakakosha kwazvo kutora kumanikidzwa kupisa kupisa.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakachengeteka zvemagetsi emagetsi, lithium manganese oxide zvinhu, maererano nechimiro chemolecular kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mune yakazara charger state, iyo lithium ion muiyo yakanaka electrode yakanyatso kunyudzwa mukati meiyo yakaipa kabhoni gomba, zvakanyanya kudzivirira chizvarwa che dendrites.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakagadzikana chimiro chelithium manganese acid, kuitira kuti oxidation yayo iite yakadzikira kupfuura lithium cobalt acid, tembiricha yekuora yelithium cobalt acid inodarika 100 ℃, kunyangwe nekuda kwekunze kwepfupi-circuit (inoda), yekunze. pfupi-circuit, overcharging, zvakare inogona kudzivirira zvachose njodzi yekupisa uye kuputika kunokonzerwa ne precipitated lithium simbi.
Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwe lithium manganenate zvinhu kunogonawo kuderedza zvakanyanya mutengo.
Kuti tivandudze mashandiro eiyo iripo yekuchengetedza tekinoroji, isu tinofanira kutanga tavandudza kuchengetedzwa kwekuita kwe lithium ion bhatiri core, iyo inonyanya kukosha kune yakakura mabhatiri.Sarudza diaphragm ine yakanaka yekupisa yekuvhara kuita.Basa re diaphragm nderekuparadzanisa matanda akanaka uye asina kunaka ebhatiri uchibvumira kupfuura kwe lithium ions.Kana kutonhora kuchikwira, membrane inovharwa isati yanyunguduka, ichisimudza kupikisa kwemukati kune 2,000 ohms uye kuvhara maitiro emukati.Kana iyo yemukati kudzvanywa kana tembiricha ichisvika payakagadzikwa chiyero, iyo inoputika-yevhavhavha inovhurika uye inotanga kudzoreredza kumanikidza kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwakanyanya kwemukati gasi, deformation, uye pakupedzisira kutungamira kuputika kwegomba.Kuvandudza kunzwisiswa kwekutonga, sarudza yakanyanya kujeka yekudzora ma paramita uye tora iyo yakasanganiswa kutonga kweakawanda ma paramita (izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kune yakakura mabhatiri ekugona).Kune yakakura simba lithium ion bhatiri pack inoteedzana / yakafanana akawanda maseru kuumbwa, senge notebook komputa voltage inodarika 10V, yakakura hukuru, kazhinji kushandisa 3 kusvika 4 single bhatiri nhevedzano inogona kusangana nemagetsi zvinodiwa, uyezve 2 kusvika 3 nhevedzano ye bhatiri pack parallel, kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chekugona kukuru.
Iyo yakakwira-chaiyo bhatiri paki pachayo inofanirwa kuve neyakakwana kuchengetedza basa, uye maviri marudzi edunhu bhodhi module anofanirwawo kutariswa: ProtecTIonBoardPCB module uye SmartBatteryGaugeBoard module.Iyo yese bhatiri yekudzivirira dhizaini inosanganisira: nhanho 1 yekudzivirira IC (yekudzivirira kuwedzeredza kwebhatiri, kuwandisa, kupfupika kwedunhu), nhanho 2 yekudzivirira IC (kudzivirira yechipiri overvoltage), fuse, chiratidzo che LED, mutemo wekushisa uye zvimwe zvikamu.Pasi pematanho ekudzivirira emhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kunyangwe iri nyaya yemagetsi isina kujairika charger uye laptop, bhatiri relaptop rinogona kungochinjirwa kune otomatiki kudzivirira.Kana mamiriro acho asina kukomba, anowanzoshanda zvakajairika mushure mekuvharirwa uye kubviswa pasina kuputika.
Iyo yepasi tekinoroji inoshandiswa mumabhatiri e-lithium-ion anoshandiswa mumalaptops nenharembozha haina kuchengetedzeka, uye zvimiro zvakachengeteka zvinoda kutariswa.
Mukupedzisa, nekufambira mberi kwezvigadzirwa zvemichina uye kudzika kwekunzwisisa kwevanhu zvinodiwa zvekugadzira, kugadzira, kuedza uye kushandiswa kwebhatiri ye lithium ion, remangwana remabhatiri e lithium ion richava rakachengeteka.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-07-2022