Munzvimbo yakadzika tembiricha, lithium-ion bhatiri kuita haina kunaka.Kana mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anowanzo shanda pa -10 ° C, huwandu hwawo hwekuchaja uye kubuda simba uye terminal voltage inodzikiswa zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa tembiricha [6], kana tembiricha yekubuda inodonha kusvika -20 ° C, iyo iripo kunyange kuderedzwa kusvika 1/3 pane tembiricha yekamuri 25 ° C, kana tembiricha yekubuda yakadzikira, mamwe mabhatiri e-lithium haakwanise kubhadharisa uye kuita mabasa, achipinda mu "bhatiri rakafa" mamiriro.
1, Hunhu hwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion pane tembiricha yakaderera
(1) Macroscopic
Kuchinja kwemaitiro e-lithium-ion bhatiri pakupisa kwakadzika ndeaya: nekuderera kunoramba kuripo kwekushisa, iyo ohmic resistance uye polarization resistance inowedzera mumadhigirii akasiyana;Iyo yekuburitsa voltage yelithium-ion bhatiri yakaderera pane yeyakajairika tembiricha.Kana ichichaja uye ichiburitsa pane tembiricha yakaderera, simba rayo rekushandisa rinokwira kana kudonha nekukurumidza kupfuura iro panguva yakajairika tembiricha, zvichikonzera kuderera kukuru kwehukuru hwayo hunogona kushandiswa uye simba.
(2) Zvikurukuru
Kuchinja kwekushanda kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion pakupisa kwakadzika kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwezvinhu zvinotevera zvinokosha.Kana tembiricha yakadzika yadzikira pane -20 ℃, iyo electrolyte yemvura inoomesa, viscosity yayo inowedzera zvakanyanya, uye ionic conductivity yayo inoderera.Lithium ion diffusion mune yakanaka uye yakaipa electrode zvinhu zvinononoka;Lithium ion inonetsa kuparadza, uye kutapurirana kwayo muSEI firimu kunonoka, uye kubhadharisa kutamisa impedance kunowedzera.Iro lithium dendrite dambudziko rinonyanya kuoneka pakudziya kwakadzika.
2, Kugadzirisa yakaderera tembiricha kuita kwe lithium-ion mabhatiri
Dhizaina itsva electrolytic liquid system yekusangana neyakadzika tembiricha nharaunda;Kuvandudza iyo yakanaka uye yakaipa electrode chimiro kuti ikurumidze kutapurirana kukurumidza uye kupfupisa yekufambisa chinhambwe;Dzora yakanaka uye yakaipa yakasimba electrolyte interface kuderedza impedance.
(1) electrolyte additives
Kazhinji, kushandiswa kwezvinowedzera zvinoshanda ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshanda uye dzehupfumi dzekuvandudza tembiricha yakaderera yebhatiri uye kubatsira kuumba yakakodzera SEI firimu.Parizvino, iwo makuru marudzi ezvinowedzera isocyanate based additives, sulfur based additives, ionic liquid additives uye inorganic lithium salt additives.
Semuyenzaniso, dimethyl sulfite (DMS) sulfur based additives, ine basa rakakodzera rekudzikisa, uye nekuti zvigadzirwa zvayo zvekudzikisa uye inosunga lithium ion haina kusimba pane vinyl sulfate (DTD), kuderedza kushandiswa kwe organic additives kuchawedzera iyo interface impedance, kuvaka zvakanyanya kugadzikana uye zviri nani ionic conductivity yeasina kunaka electrode interface firimu.Iyo sulfite esters inomiririrwa nedimethyl sulfite (DMS) ine yakakwira dielectric inogara uye yakakura yekushanda tembiricha renji.
(2) The solvent ye electrolyte
Iyo yechinyakare lithium-ion bhatiri electrolyte ndeyekunyungudutsa 1 mol ye lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) mune yakasanganiswa solvent, senge EC, PC, VC, DMC, methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) kana diethyl carbonate (DEC), uko kuumbwa kwe iyo solvent, melting point, dielectric constant, viscosity uye kuenderana ne lithium munyu kuchakanganisa zvakanyanya kupisa kwekushanda kwebhatiri.Parizvino, iyo electrolyte yekutengesa iri nyore kusimba kana ikaiswa kune yakaderera tembiricha ye -20 ℃ uye pazasi, iyo yakaderera dielectric inogara inoita kuti lithium salt inetse kuparadzanisa, uye viscosity yakakwira zvakanyanya kuita kuti bhatiri rirambe riri mukati uye rakaderera. voltage platform.Lithium-ion mabhatiri anogona kuita zvirinani kudzika-tembiricha nekugadzirisa chiyero chiripo chekunyungudutsa, senge nekugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwe electrolyte (EC:PC:EMC=1:2:7) kuitira kuti TiO2(B)/graphene negative electrode ine A. simba re ~ 240 mA h g-1 pa -20 ℃ uye 0.1 A g-1 ikozvino density.Kana gadzira nyowani tembiricha yakaderera electrolyte solvents.Kusashanda zvakanaka kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion pakudzika kwakadzika kunonyanya kuenderana nekunonoka kweLi + panguva yekushandiswa kweLi + kunyura mune electrode zvinhu.Zvinhu zvine simba rakaderera rekusunga pakati peLi + uye mamorekuru anonyungudutsa, akadai se1, 3-dioxopentylene (DIOX), anogona kusarudzwa, uye nanoscale lithium titanate inoshandiswa sechinhu che electrode kuunganidza bvunzo yebhatiri kutsiva iyo yakaderedzwa diffusion coefficient ye Electrode material at Ultra-low tembiricha, kuitira kuti uwane zvirinani kuderera-tembiricha kuita.
(3) lithium munyu
Parizvino, iyo yekutengeserana LiPF6 ion ine yakakwira conductivity, yakakwira mwando zvinodiwa munzvimbo, kusagadzikana kwemafuta, uye gasi rakashata senge HF mukuita kwemvura zviri nyore kukonzera njodzi dzekuchengetedza.Iyo yakasimba electrolyte firimu inogadzirwa ne lithium difluoroxalate borate (LiODFB) yakagadzikana zvakakwana uye ine yakaderera tembiricha kuita uye yakakwirira mwero kuita.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti LiODFB ine zvakanakira zvese zviri zviviri lithium dioxalate borate (LiBOB) uye LiBF4.
3. Pfupiso
Iyo yakaderera tembiricha kuita kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion ichakanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda senge electrode zvinhu uye electrolytes.Kunatsiridza kwakadzama kubva pamaonero akawanda senge electrode zvinhu uye electrolyte kunogona kusimudzira mashandisirwo nekuvandudzwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion, uye tarisiro yekushandiswa kwemabhatiri e-lithium yakanaka, asi tekinoroji inoda kuvandudzwa uye kukwenenzverwa mukuwedzera kutsvagisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-27-2023