Kufurirwa nedhigirii rinopisa remusika wemotokari yemagetsi,lithium-ion mabhatiri, sechimwe chezvikamu zvakakosha zvemotokari dzemagetsi, zvakasimbiswa kusvika pamwero mukuru. Vanhu vakazvipira kukudziridza hupenyu hurefu, simba repamusoro, chengetedzo yakanaka lithium-ion bhatiri. Pakati pavo, attenuation yelithium-ion bhatiriKugona kunofanirwa kutariswa nemunhu wese, kungonzwisisa kuzere kwezvikonzero zvekudzikisira mabhatiri e-lithium-ion kana mashandiro, kuitira kuti vakwanise kunyora mushonga wakakodzera kugadzirisa dambudziko, iyo lithium-ion mabhatiri kugona nei attenuation?
Zvikonzero zvekuderera kwesimba re lithium-ion mabhatiri
1.Positive electrode zvinhu
LiCoO2 ndeimwe yeanowanzo shandiswa cathode zvinhu (3C chikamu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye mabhatiri emagetsi anotakura ternary uye lithium iron phosphate). Sezvo huwandu hwematenderedzwa hunowedzera, kurasikirwa kweiyo inoshanda lithium ion kunobatsira zvakanyanya pakuora kwesimba. Mushure memazana mazana maviri ekutenderera, LiCoO2 haina kuita shanduko yechikamu, asi pane shanduko mune yelamellar chimiro, zvichikonzera kunetsa muLi + de-embedding.
LiFePO4 ine yakanaka structural kugadzikana, asi Fe3+ iri muanode inonyungudika uye inoderedza kuFe simbi pane graphite anode, zvichikonzera kuwedzera anode polarization. Kazhinji kuparara kweFe3 + kunodzivirirwa nekuputirwa kweLiFePO4 particles kana kusarudzwa kwe electrolyte.
NCM ternary zvinhu ① Shanduko simbi maion mune shanduko yesimbi oxide cathode zvinhu zviri nyore kunyungudika pakupisa kwakanyanya, nekudaro kusunungura mu electrolyte kana kuisa padivi rakashata zvichikonzera kuderera; ② Kana iyo voltage yakakwira kupfuura 4.4V vs. Li +/Li, shanduko yemaitiro eiyo ternary zvinhu inotungamirira pakuderera kwesimba; ③ Li-Ni yakasanganiswa mitsara, inotungamira kune kuvharika kweLi+ chiteshi.
Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekugadzirisa kukwanisa muLiMnO4-based lithium-ion mabhatiri ndeye 1. chikamu chisingachinjiki kana kuchinja kwemaitiro, zvakadai seJahn-Teller aberration; uye 2. kuparara kweMn mu electrolyte (kuvapo kweHF mu electrolyte), maitiro asina kufanana, kana kuderedzwa pane anode.
2.Negative electrode zvinhu
Chizvarwa chekunaya kwelithium padivi reanode yegraphite (chikamu che lithium chinova "lithium yakafa" kana kubudisa lithium dendrites), panguva yakaderera tembiricha, lithium ion diffusion inononoka kudzika zviri nyore kutungamirira kumvura ye lithium, uye kunaya kwe lithium kunowanzoitikawo. apo chiyero cheN/P chakanyanya kuderera.
Kuparadzwa kwakadzokororwa uye kukura kweSEI firimu padivi reanode kunotungamira kukupera kwe lithium uye kuwedzera polarization.
Iyo inodzokororwa maitiro e lithium embedding / de-lithium kubviswa musilicon-based anode inogona kutungamira zviri nyore kukuwedzera kwevhoriyamu uye kuparara kukundikana kwesilicon particles. Naizvozvo, kune silicon anode, inonyanya kukosha kuwana nzira yekudzivisa kuwedzera kwayo vhoriyamu.
3.Electrolyte
Zvinhu zviri mu electrolyte izvo zvinobatsira mukuderera kwekugona kwelithium-ion mabhatirizvinosanganisira:
1. Kuparara kwezvinonyungudutsa uye electrolytes (kukundikana kwakanyanya kana zvinetso zvekuchengetedza zvakadai sekugadzirwa kwegasi), kune organic solvents, apo iyo oxidation inogona kuva yakakura kudarika 5V vs. zvakasiyana), zviri nyore kuora. Kune electrolyte (eg LiPF6), zviri nyore kuora pakupisa kwepamusoro (kupfuura 55 ℃) nekuda kwekusagadzikana;
2. Sezvo kuwanda kwehuwandu hunowedzera, maitiro pakati pe electrolyte uye ma electrode akanaka uye asina kunaka anowedzera, zvichiita kuti simba rekutamisa ruzhinji ripere simba.
4. Diaphragm
Iyo diaphragm inogona kuvhara maerekitironi uye kuzadzisa kutapurirana kweiyoni. Nekudaro, kugona kwe diaphragm kutakura Li + kunodzikiswa kana maburi e diaphragm akavharwa nezvigadzirwa zvekuora zve electrolyte, nezvimwewo, kana iyo diaphragm inodzikira nekupisa kwakanyanya, kana diaphragm yakura. Mukuwedzera, kuumbwa kwe lithium dendrites inobaya diaphragm inotungamira mukati mekati pfupi ndiyo chikonzero chikuru chekukundikana kwayo.
5. Kuunganidza mvura
Chikonzero chekurasikirwa kwesimba nekuda kwemuunganidzi kazhinji ndiko kukora kwemuunganidzi. Mhangura inoshandiswa semuunganidzi asina kunaka nokuti iri nyore kuisa oxidize pane zvakakwirira, asi aluminium inoshandiswa semuunganidzi akanaka nokuti zviri nyore kuumba lithium-aluminium alloy ine lithium pane zvishoma zvishoma. Pasi pemhepo yakaderera (yakaderera se1.5V uye pasi, kudarika-kubuda), mhangura inokonzera kuCu2 + mu electrolyte uye inoisa pamusoro peiyo negative electrode, ichidzivisa de-embedding ye lithiamu, zvichiita kuti simba riparare. Uye kudivi rakanaka, overcharging yebhatiriinokonzeresa gomba remuunganidzi wealuminium, izvo zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kwekupokana kwemukati uye kupera simba.
6. Charge uye kubudisa zvinhu
Kuwedzera kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa mabhatiri anogona kutungamira mukudzikisira kugona kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion. Kuwedzera kwechaji / kubuda kwekuwedzera kunoreva kuti iyo polarization impedance yebhatiri inowedzera zvinoenderana, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwesimba. Pamusoro pezvo, kushushikana-kukonzeresa kushushikana kunokonzerwa nekuchaja uye kuburitsa pamazinga ekuwedzera ekuwedzera kunotungamira mukurasikirwa kwecathode inoshanda zvinhu uye nekukurumidza kuchembera kwebhatiri.
Panyaya yekuwandisa uye kudhiza mabhatiri, iyo yakaipa electrode inonamira kune lithium precipitation, iyo yakanaka electrode yakawandisa lithium yekubvisa michina inodonha, uye iyo oxidative kuora kwe electrolyte (kuitika kwe-zvigadzirwa uye gasi kugadzirwa) inokurumidza. Apo bhatiri rinopera-kubudiswa, iyo foil yemhangura inowanzonyunguduka (inodzivisa lithium de-embedding, kana kuti inogadzira zvakananga copper dendrites), zvichiita kuti simba riparare kana kukanganisa kwebheteri.
Kuchaja nzira yezvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kana iyo yekuchaja yakachekwa-yekubvisa voltage iri 4V, zvakakodzera kudzikisa kuchaja yakachekwa-kubvisa voltage (semuenzaniso, 3.95V) kunogona kuvandudza hupenyu hwebhatiri. Izvo zvakaratidzwa zvakare kuti kukurumidza kuchaja bhatiri kusvika 100% SOC inoora nekukurumidza pane kukurumidza kuchaja ku80% SOC. Mukuwedzera, Li et al. akawana kuti kunyange zvazvo kuputika kunogona kuvandudza kushanda kwechaji, kupikisa kwemukati kwebheteri kuchakwira zvakanyanya, uye kurasikirwa kwemaitiro asina kunaka e electrode anoshanda kwakakomba.
7.Temperature
Mhedzisiro yekushisa pane kugona kwelithium-ion mabhatirikunokoshawo zvikuru. Paunenge uchishanda pane tembiricha yepamusoro kwenguva yakareba, pane kuwedzera kwekuita kweparutivi mukati mebhatiri (semuenzaniso, kuparara kwe electrolyte), zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kusingadzoreki kwesimba. Paunenge uchishanda panguva yakaderera tembiricha kwenguva yakawedzerwa, iyo yakazara impedance yebhatiri inowedzera (electrolyte conductivity inoderera, SEI impedance inowedzera, uye chiyero che electrochemical reactions inoderera), uye lithium precipitation kubva mubhatiri inowanzoitika.
Izvo zviri pamusoro apa ndicho chikonzero chikuru chelithium-ion bhatiri yekushaya simba, kuburikidza nenhanganyaya iri pamusoro ndinotenda kuti une nzwisiso yezvinokonzeresa yelithium-ion bhatiri kushaya simba.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-24-2023