Zhizha ra2022 raive mwaka waipisa kupfuura mamwe zana rese.
Kwaipisa zvekuti mitezo yakanga isina simba uye mweya wakabuda kunze kwemuviri; kwaipisa zvokuti guta rose rakaita rima.
Panguva apo magetsi akanga akaoma zvikuru kuvagari, Sichuan akasarudza kumisa magetsi emumaindasitiri kwemazuva mashanu kutanga musi waAugust 15. Pashure pokudzimwa kwemagetsi kwakatangwa, nhamba huru yemakambani okugadzira zvinhu yakamisa kugadzirwa ndokumanikidza vashandi vakazara kuti vatore zororo.
Kubva mukupera kwaGunyana, kushomeka kwebhatiri kuenderera mberi, uye maitiro emakambani ekuchengetedza simba kumisa maodha akawedzera. Kushaikwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza magetsi kwasundidzirawo simba rekuchengetedza simba kusvika kumagumo.
Sekureva kweiyo Ministry of Indasitiri nhamba, hafu yekutanga yegore rino, iyo nyika simba rekuchengetedza bhatiri kugadzirwa pamusoro pe32GWh. 2021, China nyowani yekuchengetedza simba yakawedzera huwandu hwe4.9GWh chete.
Zvinogona kuoneka kuti kuwedzera kwesimba rekuchengetedza bhatiri kugadzirwa kwesimba, kwave kwakanyanya, asi nei kuchine kushomeka?
Iri bepa rinopa ongororo yakadzama yezvikonzero zvekushayikwa kwebhatiri rekuchengetedza simba reChina uye kutungamira kwayo mune ramangwana munzvimbo nhatu dzinotevera:
Kutanga, kudiwa: iyo yakakosha grid shanduko
Chechipiri, kupa: haigoni kukwikwidzana nemotokari
Chechitatu, ramangwana: kuchinja kune mvura inoyerera bhatiri?
Kuti unzwisise kukosha kwekuchengetedza simba, edza kupindura mubvunzo mumwe chete.
Sei kudzimwa kwemagetsi kwakakura kuchiwanzo kuitika muChina mumwedzi yezhizha?
Kubva kudivi rekuda, mashandisirwo emagetsi emaindasitiri uye ekugara anoratidza imwe dhigirii ye "mwaka kusaenzana", ine "peak" uye "trough" nguva. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, iyo grid inopa inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva zvemagetsi.
Nekudaro, tembiricha yakakwira yezhizha inowedzera kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekugara. Panguva imwecheteyo, makambani mazhinji ari kugadzirisa maindasitiri avo uye nguva yepamusoro yekushandiswa kwemagetsi iri zvakare muzhizha.
Kubva kudivi rekupa, kupihwa kwemhepo uye simba remvura hakuna kugadzikana nekuda kwenzvimbo uye mwaka wemamiriro ekunze. MuSichuan, semuenzaniso, makumi masere muzana emagetsi eSichuan anobva kumagetsi emvura. Uye gore rino, Dunhu reSichuan rakatambura nenjodzi isingawanzo kupisa uye kusanaya kwemvura, iyo yakagara kwenguva yakareba, nekushomeka kwakanyanya kwemvura mumabheseni makuru uye kusimba kwemagetsi kubva kumagetsi emagetsi. Pamusoro pezvo, mamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa uye zvinhu zvakaita sekudzikisira kamwe kamwe musimba remhepo zvinogonawo kuita kuti maturbine emhepo asashande zvakanaka.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu emugero mukuru pakati pesimba rekupa uye kudiwa, kuitira kuti kuwedzere kushandiswa kwegetsi remagetsi kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwemagetsi, kuchengetedza kwesimba kwave sarudzo isingadzivisiki yekusimudzira kuchinjika kwesimba remagetsi.
Pamusoro pezvo, sisitimu yemagetsi yeChina iri kushandurwa kubva kusimba rechinyakare kuenda kusimba idzva, photoelectricity, simba remhepo uye simba rezuva hazvina kugadzikana zvakanyanya nemamiriro echisikigo, zvakare ine kudiwa kwakanyanya kwekuchengetedza simba.
Sekureva kweNational Energy Administration, China yakaisa huwandu hwe26.7% yenzvimbo muna 2021, yakakwira kupfuura avhareji yepasirese.
Mukupindura, muna Nyamavhuvhu 2021, National Development and Reform Commission neNational Energy Administration vakapa chiziviso chekukurudzira mabhizinesi ekugadzira magetsi emagetsi kuti vazvivakire kana kutenga mukana wepamusoro kuti vawedzere huwandu hwekubatanidza grid, vachikurudzira kuti.
Kupfuura chiyero chepamusoro peiyo yakavimbiswa gidhi yekubatanidza yemabhizinesi egidhi, kutanga, iyo yekukwira inogovaniswa zvichienderana neiyo pegging reshiyo ye15% yesimba (pamusoro pe 4h pakureba), uye kukoshesa kuchapihwa kune avo vakagoverwa zvinoenderana nereji yepegging. 20% kana kupfuura.
Inogona kuonekwa, mumamiriro ekushayikwa kwemagetsi, kugadzirisa "mhepo yakasiiwa, yakasiiwa chiedza" dambudziko haigoni kunonoka. Kana simba rekare rinopisa rinotsigirwa neakasimbiswa, ikozvino "double carbon" policy pressure, inofanira kutumirwa nguva dzose, asi hapana nzvimbo yekushandisa simba remhepo uye photoelectricity yakachengetwa, inoshandiswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Nokudaro, mutemo wenyika wakatanga kukurudzira zvakajeka "kugoverwa kwepamusoro", iyo yakawanda chikamu chekugoverwa, iwe unogonawo "gidhi rekutanga", kutora chikamu mukutengeserana kwemusika wemagetsi, kuwana mari inoenderana.
Mukupindura kumutemo wepakati, dunhu rega rega rave richiita nhamburiko huru kusimudzira kuchengetedza kwesimba muzviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoenderana nemamiriro enzvimbo.
Sezvineiwo, kushomeka kwemagetsi chiteshi chekuchengetera bhatiri, kwakabatana nekuwedzera kusati kwamboitika mumotokari nyowani dzesimba. Zviteshi zvemagetsi uye kuchengetedza mota, zvese zvine kudiwa kukuru kwemabhatiri e-lithium iron phosphate, asi teerera kubhidha, zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinodhura, zvingabata sei makambani anotyisa emotokari?
Saka, nzvimbo yekuchengetera magetsi yakambovepo mamwe ematambudziko akabuda.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mari yekutanga yekuisa yesimba rekuchengetedza system yakakwirira. Kukanganiswa nekupa uye kudiwa pamwe chete neindasitiri chain yezvigadzirwa zvemhando inowedzera, mushure megore ra2022, mutengo weiyo yese yekuchengetedza simba system yekubatanidza, wakakwira kubva pa1,500 yuan / kWh mukutanga kwa2020, kusvika kune yazvino 1,800 yuan / kWh.
Iyo yese simba rekuchengetedza indasitiri chain mutengo wekuwedzera, mutengo wepakati kazhinji unodarika 1 yuan / watt awa, ma inverters anowanzo kusimuka 5% kusvika 10%, EMS yakakwirawo inosvika gumi%.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mari yekutanga yekuisa yakava chinhu chikuru chinodzivisa kuvakwa kwekuchengetedza simba.
Kune rimwe divi, mutengo wekudzoreredza kutenderera kwakareba, uye purofiti yakaoma. Kusvika 2021 1800 yuan / kWh simba rekuchengetedza system mutengo wekuverenga, simba rekuchengetedza simba rekudyara maviri machaji maviri akaisa, kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa avhareji yemutengo musiyano mu0.7 yuan / kWh kana kupfuura, angangoita makore gumi kuti udzore mutengo.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwezvino kurudziro yedunhu kana kusungirwa simba idzva nehurongwa hwekuchengetedza simba, chikamu che5% kusvika 20%, icho chinowedzera mari yakatarwa.
Pamusoro pezvikonzero zviri pamusoro apa, chiteshi chemagetsi chekuchengetedza chakafananawo nemotokari itsva dzemagetsi dzichapisa, kuputika, njodzi yekuchengetedza iyi, kunyangwe mukana wacho wakadzikira zvakanyanya, ita kuti kuderera kwakanyanya kwenjodzi yechiteshi chemagetsi kuore mwoyo.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti "kugoverwa kwakasimba" kwekuchengetedza simba, asi kwete giredhi-yakabatana kutengeserana mutemo, kuitira kuti zvakawanda zvekuda kurongeka, asi kwete kukurumidza kushandisa. Mushure mezvose, mazhinji ezviteshi zvemagetsi mabhizinesi ehurumende, kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedza chinhu chekutanga, ivo vakatarisanawo nekuongororwa kwemari, ndiani angade kumhanyisa nguva yekudzoreredza yepurojekiti refu kudaro?
Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekuita sarudzo, akawanda maodha emagetsi chiteshi chekuchengetedza magetsi, anofanirwa kuiswa, akarembera, achimirira kujekeswa kwepolicy. Musika unoda muromo mukuru kuti udye magakanje, asi iva neushingi, shure kwezvose, kwete dzakawanda.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti dambudziko remagetsi chiteshi chekuchengetedza simba kuchera zvakadzika, kuwedzera kune chikamu chidiki chekumusoro kweLithium mutengo wekuwedzera, pane chikamu chikuru chetsika dzechinyakare zvigadziriso hazvishande zvizere kune chiteshi chemagetsi mamiriro, sei tinofanira kugadzirisa dambudziko racho here?
Panguva ino, iyo yemvura inoyerera bhatiri mhinduro yakauya munzvimbo inotaridzika. Vamwe vatori vechikamu pamusika vaona kuti "yakaiswa simba rekuchengetedza simba reti lithium yave kuderera kubva muna Kubvumbi 2021, uye kuwedzera kwemusika kuri kuenda kumabhatiri ekuyerera". Saka, chii chinonzi liquid flow bhatiri?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mabhatiri ekuyerera kwemvura ane akawanda mabhenefiti anoshanda kune magetsi ekudyara mamiriro. Yakajairika mvura inoyerera mabhatiri, anosanganisira ese-vanadium mvura inoyerera mabhatiri, zinc-iron fluid inoyerera mabhatiri, nezvimwe.
Kutora ese-vanadium mvura inoyerera mabhatiri semuenzaniso, zvakanakira zvavo zvinosanganisira.
Chekutanga, iyo yakareba kutenderera hupenyu uye yakanaka yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa hunhu inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakakura-mwero simba rekuchengetedza mamiriro. Iyo yekuchaja / yekuburitsa kutenderera hupenyu hwese-vanadium mvura inoyerera simba rekuchengetedza bhatiri inogona kupfuura nguva dze13,000, uye hupenyu hwekarenda hunopfuura makore gumi nemashanu.
Chechipiri, simba uye huwandu hwebhatiri "zvakazvimiririra" kune mumwe nemumwe, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa chiyero chesimba rekuchengetedza simba. Simba reyese-vanadium mvura inoyerera bhatiri inotarirwa nehukuru uye nhamba ye stack, uye kugona kunotarirwa nekusangana uye vhoriyamu ye electrolyte. Kuwedzera kwesimba rebhatiri kunogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera simba reiyo reactor uye kuwedzera huwandu hwemareactor, nepo kuwedzera kwesimba kunogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera huwandu hwe electrolyte.
Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvakasvibirira zvinogona kushandiswa zvakare. Mhinduro yayo ye electrolyte inogona kushandiswazve uye kushandiswa zvakare.
Zvisinei, kwenguva yakareba, mari yemabhatiri ekuyerera kwemvura yakaramba yakakwirira, ichidzivirira kushandiswa kwekutengesa kukuru.
Kutora vanadium mvura inoyerera mabhatiri semuenzaniso, mutengo wavo unonyanya kuuya kubva kune yemagetsi reactor uye electrolyte.
Mari ye electrolyte inotora inenge hafu yemutengo, iyo inonyanya kukanganiswa nemutengo wevanadium; iyo yasara ndiyo mutengo weiyo stack, iyo inonyanya kuuya kubva kune ion exchange membranes, kabhoni yakanzwa maelectrodes uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvechikamu zvinhu.
Kupihwa kwevanadium mu electrolyte inyaya inokakavara. China's vanadium reserves ndiyo yechitatu pakukura pasirese, asi chinhu ichi chinowanikwa zvakanyanya nezvimwe zvinhu, uye kunyungudutsa ibasa rinosvibisa zvakanyanya, rine simba rine zvirambidzo. Zvakare, iyo indasitiri yesimbi ndiyo inokonzeresa kudiwa kwakawanda kwevanadium, uye mugadziri mukuru wepamba, Phangang Vanadium neTitanium, hongu, anopa kugadzirwa kwesimbi kutanga.
Nenzira iyi, vanadium mvura inoyerera mabhatiri, zvinoita sekunge, inodzokorora dambudziko relithium-ine simba rekuchengetedza magetsi - kubata kumusoro kwepamusoro neiyo yakawanda indasitiri indasitiri, uye nekudaro mutengo unochinja zvakanyanya pane cyclical hwaro. Nenzira iyi, pane chikonzero chekutsvaga zvimwe zvinhu zvekupa yakagadzikana yemvura inoyerera bhatiri mhinduro.
Iyo ion exchange membrane uye kabhoni inonzwa electrode mureactor yakafanana ne "mutsipa" wechip.
Kana iri ion exchange membrane material, mabhizinesi epamba anonyanya kushandisa Nafion proton exchange firimu yakagadzirwa naDuPont, kambani yemakore zana muUnited States, inodhura zvakanyanya. Uye, kunyange zvazvo iine kugadzikana kwepamusoro mu electrolyte, pane kukanganisa kwakadai sekukwirira kwepamusoro kwevanadium ions, kwete nyore kuderedza.
Iyo kabhoni yakanzwa electrode zvinhu zvakare inogumira nevagadziri vekunze. Zvakanaka electrode zvinhu zvinogona kuvandudza kushanda kwese kushanda nesimba uye kubuda kwesimba remvura inoyerera mabhatiri. Nekudaro, parizvino, iyo kabhoni inonzwa musika inonyanya kugarwa nevagadziri vekunze vakaita seSGL Group neToray Industries.
Yakazara pasi, kuverenga, mutengo wevanadium mvura inoyerera bhatiri, kupfuura lithium yakakwira zvakanyanya.
Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba nyowani inodhura yemvura inoyerera bhatiri, kuchine nzira refu yekuenda.
Kutaura chiuru chemazwi, chiteshi chemagetsi chiteshi kusimudzira, chinonyanya kukosha, asi kwete izvo zvehunyanzvi ruzivo, asi yakajeka chiteshi chemagetsi chengetedzo kutora chikamu muchikamu chikuru chemusika wemagetsi kutengeserana.
China's power grid system yakakura kwazvo, yakaoma, zvekuti chiteshi chemagetsi chine simba rekuchengetedza yakazvimirira online, haisi nyaya iri nyore, asi nyaya iyi haigone kudzoserwa kumashure.
Nokuda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi makuru, kana kugoverwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza kungoita mamwe mabasa ekubatsira, uye kusina nzvimbo yekutengeserana yemusika, kureva kuti, haigoni kuva magetsi akawandisa, kune mutengo wakakodzera wemusika kutengesa kune vamwe, ipapo. nhoroondo iyi inogara yakaoma kwazvo kuverenga pamusoro.
Naizvozvo, isu tinofanirwa kuita zvese zvinogoneka kuti tigadzire mamiriro ezviteshi zvemagetsi zvine simba rekuchengetedza kuti zvishanduke kuita yakazvimirira yekushanda chimiro, kuitira kuti ive mutori anoshanda mumusika wekutengesa magetsi.
Kana musika waenda kumberi, mazhinji emitengo uye matambudziko ehunyanzvi anotarisana nekuchengetedza simba, ndinotenda izvo zvichagadziriswa zvakare.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-07-2022