Iko kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kudzikisa kabhoni kuburitsa kuri kutyaira kukurumidza kuenda kune magetsi ekufambisa uye kuwedzera kutumirwa kwesimba rezuva nemhepo pane grid. Kana maitiro aya akawedzera sezvinotarisirwa, kudiwa kwemaitiro ari nani ekuchengetedza simba remagetsi kuchawedzera.
Tinoda nzira dzose dzatinogona kuwana kuti tigadzirise kutyisidzira kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, anodaro Dr Elsa Olivetti, purofesa anoshamwaridzana wezvinhu zvesayenzi uye engineering paEsther naHarold E. Edgerton. Zviripachena, kuvandudzwa kwegridi-yakavakirwa masasi ekuchengetedza matekinoroji kwakakosha. Asi kune mafoni ekushandisa - kunyanya chekufambisa - kutsvagisa kwakawanda kwakanangana nekugadzirisa zvanhasilithium-ion mabhatirikuva akachengeteka, maduku uye kukwanisa kuchengeta simba rakawanda nokuda kwehukuru hwavo uye uremu.
Mabhatiri e-lithium-ion akajairika anoenderera mberi nekuvandudza, asi zvinogumira zvichiripo, zvimwe nekuda kwechimiro chavo.Lithium-ion mabhatiri ane maelectrode maviri, imwe yakanaka uye imwe isina kunaka, akaiswa mu organic (carbon-containing) liquid. Kana bhatiri rachajwa uye rikaburitswa, chajiwa lithium particles (kana ions) inopfuudzwa kubva kune imwe electrode kuenda kune imwe kuburikidza nemvura electrolyte.
Rimwe dambudziko nedhizaini iyi nderekuti pane mamwe ma voltages uye tembiricha, iyo electrolyte yemvura inogona kushanduka uye kubata moto. Mabhatiri anowanzochengeteka kana achishandiswa zvakajairika, asi njodzi inoramba iripo, anodaro Dr Kevin Huang Ph.D.'15, muongorori wesainzi muboka raOlivetti.
Rimwe dambudziko nderekuti lithium-ion mabhatiri haana kukodzera kushandiswa mumotokari. Mahombe, anorema bhatiri mapaketi anotora nzvimbo, anowedzera huremu hwese hwemotokari uye kuderedza kushanda kwemafuta. Asi zviri kuratidza kunetsa kuita kuti mabhatiri eLithium-ion anhasi ave madiki uye akareruka uchichengetedza simba rawo - huwandu hwesimba hwakachengetwa pagiramu rehuremu.
Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, vatsvakurudzi vari kushandura zvinhu zvinokosha zve lithium-ion mabhatiri kuti vagadzire yose-yakasimba, kana yakasimba-nyika, shanduro. Vari kutsiva mvura electrolyte pakati ane mutete yakasimba electrolyte kuti yakagadzikana pamusoro siyana voltages uye tembiricha. Ne electrolyte iyi yakasimba, vakashandisa electrode yepamusoro-chaiyo yakanaka uye yepamusoro-soro yelithium metal negative electrode iyo yakanga yakaderera zvikuru pane yakajairika porous carbon layer. Shanduko idzi dzinobvumira diki sero rese uku ichichengetedza simba rayo rekuchengetedza simba, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwesimba repamusoro.
Aya maficha - kuchengetedzwa kwakawedzera uye kuwanda kwesimba guru- pamwe ndiwo maviri anowanzo kupihwa mabhenefiti eanogona akasimba-nyika mabhatiri, asi zvese izvi zvinhu zvinotarisisa kumberi uye zvinotarisirwa, uye hazvisi izvo zvinogoneka. Zvakadaro, mukana uyu une vaongorori vazhinji varikutsvanzvadzira kutsvaga zvinhu uye magadzirirwo anozopa vimbiso iyi.
Kufunga kupfuura murabhoritari
Vatsvaguri vauya nehuwandu hwezviitiko zvinokatyamadza zvinotaridzika zvakanaka murabhoritari. Asi Olivetti naHuang vanotenda kuti nekuchimbidza kwedambudziko rekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, mamwe mazano anoshanda angave akakosha. Isu vaongorori tinogara tiine metrics murabhoritari yekuongorora zvinogona kuitika uye maitiro, anodaro Olivetti. Mienzaniso inogona kusanganisira simba rekuchengetedza simba uye mari yekuchaja/kuburitsa. Asi kana chinangwa chiri kuita, isu tinokurudzira kuwedzera ma metrics anonangana nekugona kwekukurumidza kuyera.
Zvishandiso uye kuwanikwa
Munyika yeakasimba inorganic electrolytes, kune mhando mbiri huru dzezvinhu - oxides ine oxygen nesarufidhi ine sarufa. Tantalum inogadzirwa senge-chigadzirwa chekucherwa kwetin uye niobium. Nhoroondo dzenhoroondo dzinoratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwetantalum kuri padyo neanogona kukwira kupfuura iyo yegermanium panguva yekucherwa kwetin uye niobium. Kuvepo kwetantalum ndiko kunetseka kukuru kwekugona kukwirisa kweLLZO-based cell.
Nekudaro, kuziva kuwanikwa kwechimwe chinhu muvhu hakugadzirise matanho anodiwa kuti aiise mumaoko evagadziri. Vatsvakurudzi naizvozvo vakatsvaga mubvunzo wekutevera pamusoro pekugoverwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha - migodhi, kugadzirisa, kunatsa, kutakura, nezvimwewo. Tichifunga kuti pane zvakawanda zvekushandisa, ketani yekuendesa zvinhu izvi inogona kuwedzerwa nokukurumidza zvakakwana kuti isangane nekukura. kudiwa kwemabhatiri?
Mukuongorora kwemuenzaniso, vakatarisa kuti yakawanda sei cheni yekugovera yegermanium uye tantalum yaizoda kukura gore negore kuti ipe mabhatiri ezvikepe zve2030 zvemotokari dzemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, boka remotokari dzemagetsi, dzinowanzotaurwa sechinangwa che2030, dzinoda kubudisa mabhatiri akakwana kuti ape huwandu hwe100 gigawatt maawa emagetsi. Kuti uwane chinangwa ichi, uchishandisa mabhatiri eLGPS chete, iyo germanium supply chain inoda kukura ne50% gore negore - kutambanudza, sezvo kuwedzera kwekukura kwave kwakapoteredza 7% munguva yakapfuura. Uchishandisa maseru eLLZO chete, cheni yekugovera tantalum inoda kukura ne30% - mwero wekukura uri pamusoro peiyo nhoroondo inodarika gumi muzana.
Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza kukosha kwekutarisa kuwanikwa kwezvinhu uye cheni yekugovera paunenge uchiongorora kukwirisa-kukwira kweakasiyana akasimba emagetsi, anodaro Huang: Kunyangwe huwandu hwechinhu chisiri nyaya, sezvakaita germanium, kuwedzera zvese. matanho ari muchikamu chekugovera kuti aenderane nekugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi dzemangwana zvingada chiyero chekukura icho chisati chamboitika.
Zvishandiso uye kugadzirisa
Chimwe chinhu chekufunga nezvacho kana uchiongorora scalability kugona kwebhatiri dhizaini kuoma kwemaitiro ekugadzira uye mabatiro angave nawo pamutengo. Pane zvisingadzivisiki nhanho dzakawanda dzinobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwebhatiri-yakasimba, uye kukundikana kwenhanho ipi zvayo kunowedzera mutengo wesero rimwe nerimwe rakabudirira rakagadzirwa.
Semumiriri wekuomerwa kwekugadzira, Olivetti, Ceder naHuang vakaongorora kukanganisa kweyero yekukundikana pamutengo wakakwana wezvakasarudzwa solid-state bhatiri magadzirirwo mudura ravo. Mune mumwe muenzaniso, ivo vakatarisa pane iyo oxide LLZO. LLZO yakanyanya brittle uye masheets mahombe akatetepa zvakakwana kuti ashandiswe mukuita kwepamusoro mabhatiri ehurumende anogona kutsemuka kana kuchinjika pakupisa kwakanyanya kunosanganisirwa mukugadzira.
Kuti vaone kukosha kwekukanganisa kwakadaro, vakatevedzera matanho mana ekugadzirisa akabatanidzwa mukuunganidza masero eLLZO. Panhanho imwe neimwe, vaiverenga mutengo zvichienderana nezvaifungidzirwa goho, kureva chikamu chemasero akazara akagadziriswa pasina kukundikana. Kune LLZO, goho raive rakaderera zvakanyanya pane mamwe magadzirirwo avakadzidza; uyezve, sezvo goho rakaderera, mutengo pa kilowatt-awa (kWh) yesimba remagetsi yakawedzera zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, apo 5% mamwe maseru akawedzerwa kune yekupedzisira cathode yekudziya nhanho, mutengo wakawedzera neinenge madhora makumi matatu / kWh - shanduko isingatarisirwi tichifunga kuti inogamuchirwa inogamuchirwa mutengo wemasero akadaro $100/kWh. Zviripachena, matambudziko ekugadzira anogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura pakugoneka kwekugamuchirwa kwakakura kwedhizaini.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-09-2022