Lithium-ion bhatiri mitengo yakawedzera kusvika pamwero mukuru. Chikonzero chekuwedzera kwemitengo zvinhu.
Nhanganyaya
Iri ibhatiri rechargeable umo lithium-ion inogadzira simba. Iyo lithium-ion bhatiri ine yakaipa uye yakanaka electrode. Iri ibhatiri rechargeable iro lithium ions inofamba kubva kune negative electrode kuenda kune yakanaka electrodes kuburikidza ne electrolyte. Kubuda kunoenda mberi uye kumashure kana uchichaja. Midziyo mizhinji inoshandisa lithium-ion (Li-ion) maseru, anosanganisira gadget, mitambo, mahedhifoni eBluetooth, zviridzwa zvemagetsi zvinotakurika, zvidiki nezvihombe zvekushandisa, mota dzemagetsi, uye electrochemical.kuchengetedza simbazvishandiso. Vanogona kuisa hutano nemhoteredzo mungozi kana zvikasabatwa zvakakodzera pakupera kwehupenyu hwavo.
Trend
Iko kukwira kwemusika kunoda mabhatiri eLi-ion kunogona kuverengerwa muchikamu chikuru kune yavo yepamusoro "simba density." Huwandu hwesimba hunobatwa nehurongwa munzvimbo yakati wandei hunonzi "simba guru". Ndichiri kuchengetedza huwandu hwakafanana hwemagetsi,lithium mabhatiriinogona zvechokwadi kuve yakatetepa uye yakareruka kupfuura mamwe marudzi ebhatiri. Uku kudzikisira kwawedzera kugamuchirwa kwevatengi kwezvidiki zvinotakurika uye zvisina waya.
Battery Mutengo Kuwedzera
Mitengo yezvinhu zveLithium-ion Yakawedzera Zvikuru.
Kunyangwe mutengo wemabhatiri wanga uchidonha kubva muna 2010, kukwira kwemitengo kwakakosha mumasimbi akakosha selithium kwakakanda kusahadzika kwehupenyu hwavo hurefu. Mitengo yebhatiri yeEV ichakura sei mune ramangwana? Mutengo welithium-ion mabhatiriinogona kuwedzera mune ramangwana rinouya kusvika pamwero mukuru.
Kuwedzera Mutengo Haisi Chinhu Chitsva.
Haisi tsvakiridzo yekutanga kunongedza kushomeka kwezvinhu senge inogoneka inotungamira yekuwedzera mitengo yebhatiri. Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakaona nickel sechinogoneka kushomeka, haasi ese maseru anoida.
Nekudaro, sekureva kweBNEF, kushushikana-kwecheni kwakatokwidza mitengo yezvinhu zvisingadhuri zvemutengo wakaderera.lithium iron phosphate(LFP) kemikari, iyo ikozvino inofarirwa nevakawanda vakuru vekuChina vagadziri uye vagadziri vemabhatiri uye iri kuramba ichimbundirwa naTesla. Zvinoenderana netsvagiridzo iyi, vagadziri vemasero eChinese LFP vakawedzera mitengo yavo ne10% kusvika 20% kubva munaGunyana.
Yakawanda Sei Iyo Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Inodhura?
Ngatiparadzei mutengo we lithium-ion bhatiri cell mutengo. Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzeBloombergNEF, mutengo wesero rega rega cathode unotora inopfuura hafu yemutengo wesero.
| V Battery Cell Component | % yeSero Mari |
| Cathode | 51% |
| Dzimba nezvimwe zvinhu | 3% |
| Electrolyte | 4% |
| Separator | 7% |
| Kugadzira uye kuderera | 24% |
| Anode | 11% |
Kubva pakuparara kuri pamusoro kwe lithium-ion bhatiri mutengo, takaona kuti cathode ndiyo inodhura zvakanyanya. Inotora 51% yemutengo wose.
Iyo cathode ine yakanaka charge electrode. Kana mudziyo ukapedza bhatiri, maerekitironi uye lithium ions zvinofamba kubva paanode kuenda kune cathode. Vanoramba varipo kusvika bhatiri razadzwa zvakare. Cathodes ndiyo inonyanya kukosha chikamu chebhatiri. Iyo inobata zvakanyanya huwandu, kushanda pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwekushisa kwemabhatiri. Saka, iyi zvakare bhatiri reEV.
Sero rine simbi dzakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, inosanganisira nickel uye lithium. Mazuva ano, zvakajairika cathode nziyo ndezvi:
Zvinhu zvebhatiri izvo zvinosanganisira cathode zviri kudiwa zvakanyanya, nevagadziri vakaita saTesla vachitsvanzvadzira kuti vawane zvinhu seEV kutengesa kuvhiya. Muchokwadi, zvinhu zviri mu cathode, pamwe chete nezvimwe mune mamwe ma cellular components, zvinogadzira inenge 40% yemutengo wesero wesero.
Mitengo Yezvimwe Zvikamu zveLithium-Ion Bhatiri
Iyo yasara 49 muzana yemari yesero ine zvimwe zvikamu kunze kwe cathode. Nzira yekugadzira, iyo inosanganisira kugadzira magetsi, kubatanidza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kupedzisa sero, inotora 24% yemari yose. Iyo anode chimwe chikamu chakakosha chemabhatiri, inoverengera 12% yemutengo wakazara-chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvina chechikamu checathode. Anode yeLi-ion cell ine organic kana inorganic graphite, iyo isingadhure pane zvimwe zvinhu zvebhatiri.
Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwemitengo yezvigadzirwa zvinoratidza kuti avhareji yemari yemapakiti inogona kukura kusvika pa5/kWh mune zvezita muna 2022. Kana pasina kufambira mberi kwekunze kunogona kuderedza izvi, nguva iyo mitengo inodonha pasi pe0/kWh inogona kunonoka ne2. makore. Izvi zvingave zvine pesvedzero pakukwanisa kweEV uye purofiti yemugadziri, pamwe nehupfumi hwekuisirwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza.
Kuenderera mberi kwekudyara kweR&D, pamwe nekukura kwesimba mukati meseti yekugovera, kuchabatsira kusimudzira tekinoroji yebhatiri uye nemitengo yakaderera pachizvarwa chinotevera. BloombergNEF inofungidzira kuti chizvarwa chinotevera hunyanzvi sesilicon uye lithium-based anodes, solid-state chemistries, uye novel cathode zvinhu uye maseru ekugadzira maitiro achaita basa rakakosha mukufambisa idzi mitengo kudzikira.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-09-2022