Muhupenyu hwanhasi, mbozhanhare dzinopfuura midziyo yekutaurirana chete. Anoshandiswa mubasa, muupenyu hwemagariro evanhu kana kutandara, uye anoita basa rinowedzera kukosha. Mukuita kwekushandisa nharembozha, chinoita kuti vanhu vanyanye kunetseka ndechekuti nharembozha inoratidzika yakaderera bhatiri chiyeuchidzo.
Mumakore achangopfuura, ongororo yakaratidza kuti 90% yevanhu vakaratidza kuvhunduka uye kunetseka apo bhatiri refoni yavo raive pasi pe20%. Kunyangwe vagadziri vakuru vari kushanda nesimba kuti vawedzere huwandu hwemabhatiri enharembozha, sezvo vanhu vachishandisa nharembozha kakawanda uye kakawanda muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, vanhu vazhinji vari kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kune imwe charge pazuva kuenda kuN nguva pazuva, kunyangwe vanhu vazhinji vachaunzawo. mabhanga emagetsi kana vasipo, kana vachizoda nguva nenguva.
Kurarama nezviri pamusoro apa, chii chatinofanira kuita kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yebhatiri renharembozha zvakanyanya sezvinobvira patinoshandisa nharembozha mazuva ese?
1. Nheyo yekushanda ye lithium battery
Parizvino, mazhinji emabhatiri anoshandiswa mumafoni emafoni pamusika ari lithium-ion mabhatiri. Kuenzaniswa nemabhatiri echinyakare akadai senickel-metal hydride, zinc-manganese, uye lead chengetedzo, lithium-ion mabhatiri ane zvakanakira huwandu hukuru, saizi diki, high voltage platform, uye hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera. Izvo chaizvo nekuda kweaya mabhenefiti kuti nharembozha dzinogona kuwana compact kutaridzika uye hupenyu hurefu hwebhatiri.
Lithium-ion bhatiri anode munharembozha kazhinji inoshandisa LiCoO2, NCM, NCA zvinhu; cathode zvinhu mumafoni efoni kunyanya zvinosanganisira artificial graphite, natural graphite, MCMB / SiO, etc. Mukugadzirisa kwekuchaja, lithium inotorwa kubva kune yakanaka electrode nenzira ye lithium ions, uye pakupedzisira yakaiswa mumagetsi asina kunaka kuburikidza nekufamba kwe. iyo electrolyte, nepo kubuda kwemaitiro kwakangopesana. Nokudaro, nzira yekuchaja uye kuburitsa ndiyo kutenderera kwekuenderera mberi kuisa / deintercalation uye kuisa / deintercalation ye lithium ions pakati pezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrodes, iyo inonzi zvakajeka "kuzunungusa.
chair bhatiri”.
2. zvikonzero zvekuderera kwehupenyu hwe lithiamu-ion mabhatiri
Upenyu hwebhatiri hwenharembozha ichangobva kutengwa huchiri hwakanaka kwazvo pakutanga, asi mushure menguva yekushandiswa, huchave husina kusimba. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekunge mbozha mbozha itsva yachajiswa zvakakwana, inogona kugara kwemaawa makumi matatu nematanhatu kusvika makumi mana nemasere, asi mushure menguva inopfuura hafu yegore, bhatiri rimwechete rakazara rinogona kungogara kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kana zvishoma.
Ndechipi chikonzero che "kuponesa hupenyu" kwemabhatiri efoni?
(1). Overcharge uye overdischarge
Lithium-ion mabhatiri anovimba ne lithium ions kufamba pakati pezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrode kushanda. Nokudaro, nhamba ye lithium ions iyo iyo yakanaka uye yakaipa electrodes ye lithiamu-ion bhatiri inogona kubata inobatana zvakananga nekukwanisa kwayo. Kana iyo lithium-ion bhatiri yakachajirwa zvakanyanya uye ichiburitswa, chimiro chezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka zvinhu zvinogona kukuvara, uye nzvimbo inogona kugadzirisa lithium ion inova shoma, uye huwandu hwayo hunoderedzwa zvakare, izvo zvatinowanzodaidza kuti kuderedzwa. muhupenyu hwebhatiri. .
Upenyu hwebhatiri hunowanzoongororwa nehupenyu hwekutenderera, kureva kuti, lithiamu-ion bhatiri yakachajiswa zvakanyanya uye inoburitswa, uye huwandu hwayo hunogona kuchengetedzwa pane inopfuura 80% yenhamba yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa mitsetse.
Iyo yenyika standard GB/T18287 inoda kuti kutenderera hupenyu hwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion munharembozha haisi pasi pe300 nguva. Izvi zvinoreva here kuti mabhatiri enharembozha yedu anozotadza kusimba mushure mekuchajwa nekuburitswa ka300? mhinduro yakaipa.
Kutanga, mukuyerwa kwehupenyu hwekutenderera, kuderedzwa kwebhatiri huwandu hunoita zvishoma nezvishoma, kwete mawere kana nhanho;
Chechipiri, iyo lithium-ion bhatiri yakachajiswa uye inoburitswa. Munguva yekushandiswa kwezuva nezuva, iyo bhatiri manejimendi system ine nzira yekudzivirira yebhatiri. Inobva yadzima kana yazara chaji, uye inobva yadzima kana simba racho risina kukwana. Kuti udzivise kubhadharisa kwakadzika uye kuburitsa, saka, hupenyu chaihwo hwebhatiri renharembozha hwakakwirira kupfuura 300 times.
Nekudaro, isu hatigone kuvimba zvizere neyakanakisa bhatiri manejimendi system. Kusiya nhare mbozha musimba rakaderera kana rakazara kwenguva yakareba kunogona kukanganisa bhatiri uye kuderedza huwandu hwayo. Naizvozvo, nzira yakanakisa yekuchaja mbozha mbozha ndeye kuchaja uye kuburitsa zvisina kudzika. Kana nharembozha isingashandiswi kwenguva yakareba, kuchengetedza hafu yesimba rayo inogona kunyatso kuwedzera hupenyu hwayo hwebasa.
(2). Kuchaja pasi pekunyanya kutonhora kana kupisa zvakanyanya
Mabhatiri eLithium-ion anewo zvinodikanwa zvakakwirira zvetembiricha, uye tembiricha yawo yekushanda (kuchaja) inotangira pa10°C kusvika pa45°C. Pasi pemamiriro ekunze ekupisa, iyo electrolyte ionic conductivity inodzikira, kutamisa kuchaja kuramba kunowedzera, uye kushanda kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion kuchadzikira. Iyo intuitive chiitiko kuderera kwesimba. Asi rudzi urwu rwekuora kwesimba runodzoreredzwa. Mushure mekunge tembiricha yadzokera kune tembiricha yekamuri, kuita kwe lithium-ion bhatiri kunodzokera kune yakajairika.
Zvisinei, kana bhatiri ichichajwa pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwakadzika, polarization ye electrode yakaipa inogona kukonzera kukwanisa kwayo kusvika pakuderedza kukwanisa kwe lithium metal, izvo zvinotungamirira pakuiswa kwe lithium metal pamusoro pe electrode yakaipa. Izvi zvinozotungamira mukudzikira kwebhatiri huwandu. Kune rumwe rutivi, pane lithium. Iko mukana wekuumbwa kwedendrite kunogona kukonzera kupfupika kwebhatiri uye kukonzera njodzi.
Kuchaja bhatiri re lithium-ion pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwakanyanya kunoshandurawo chimiro che lithium-ion yakanaka uye isina kunaka electrode, zvichikonzera kudzikira kusingadzoreki kwehuwandu hwebhatiri. Naizvozvo, edza kudzivirira kubhadharisa mbozha nhare pasi pekutonhora kwakanyanya kana kupisa kwakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kunyatso kuwedzera hupenyu hwayo hwebasa.
3. Nezvekuchaja, kutaura uku kune musoro here?
Q1. Kuchaja kwehusiku hune chekuita nehupenyu hwebhatiri renharembozha here?
Kuwedzeresa uye kuwandisa kuchakanganisa hupenyu hwebhatiri, asi kuchaja kwehusiku hakureve kuwedzeredza. Kune rimwe divi, nharembozha inodzima otomatiki mushure mekunge yachajiwa zvakazara; nerumwe rutivi, nharembozha dzakawanda parizvino dzinoshandisa nzira yekuchaja inokurumidza yekutanga kuchaja bhatiri kusvika pa80% huwandu, uyezve kuchinja kune inononoka kubhadharisa.
Q2. Mamiriro ekunze ezhizha anopisa zvakanyanya, uye nhare mbozha inosangana nekushisa kwakanyanya kana ichichaja. Izvi zvakajairika here, kana kuti zvinoreva kuti pane dambudziko nebhatiri renharembozha?
Kuchaja bhatiri kunoperekedzwa nemaitiro akaomarara akadai semagadzirirwo emakemikari uye kutamisa kuchaja. Aya maitiro anowanzoperekedzwa nechizvarwa chekupisa. Naizvozvo, zvakajairika kuti nharembozha igadzire kupisa kana ichichaja. Kupisa kwepamusoro uye kupisa kunoitika kwemafoni efoni kunowanzo kukonzerwa nekusapisa kupisa uye zvimwe zvikonzero, pane dambudziko rebhatiri pacharo. Bvisa chivharo chekudzivirira panguva yekuchaja kubvumira nhare mbozha kuti iparadze kupisa uye kunyatso wedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi. .
Q3. Hupenyu hwebhatiri hwenharembozha huchakanganiswa nebhangi remagetsi uye charger yemotokari ichichaja nharembozha here?
Kwete, pasinei nokuti unoshandisa bhangi remagetsi kana motokari yemotokari, chero bedzi iwe ukashandisa chigadziro chekuchaja chinosangana nemitemo yenyika kubhadharisa foni, hazvizokanganisa hupenyu hwebasa rebheteri yefoni.
Q4. Batanidza tambo yekuchaja mukombuta kuti uchaja nharembozha. Kuchaja kwacho kwakafanana here neplug yekuchaja yakabairwa musocket yemagetsi yakabatana netambo yekuchaja kuti ichaja nharembozha?
Ingave yakachajwa nebhangi remagetsi, charger yemotokari, komputa kana kuti yakabatanidzwa zvakananga mumagetsi, mutengo wekuchaja unongoenderana nemagetsi ekuchaja anotsigirwa nechaja nenharembozha.
Q5. Foni inogona kushandiswa uchichaja here? Chii chakakonzera nyaya yapfuura ye "Kufa kwemagetsi uchifona uchichaja"?
Nharembozha inogona kushandiswa kana yachajwa. Paunenge uchichaja nharembozha, charger inoshandura 220V high-voltage AC simba kuburikidza netransformer kuita yakaderera-voltage (seyakajairwa 5V) DC kusimbisa bhatiri. Iyo chete yakaderera-voltage chikamu chakabatana nefoni mbozha. Kazhinji, iyo yakachengeteka voltage yemuviri wemunhu ndeye 36V. Kureva kuti, pasi pekuchaja kwakajairwa, kunyangwe foni ikadonha, iyo yakaderera kubuda voltage haizokonzerese kukuvadza kumuviri wemunhu.
Kana dziri nhau dzakakodzera paInternet nezve "kufona uye kubatwa nemagetsi uchichaja", zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti zvirimo zvakadhindwa zvakare. Mabviro eruzivo rwacho anonetsa kuona, uye hapana mushumo kubva kune chero masimba semapurisa, saka zvakaoma kutonga chokwadi chenhau dzakakodzera. sex. Zvakadaro, pakushandisa michina yekuchaja inoenderana nezvinodiwa nenyika pakuchaja nharembozha, “nharembozha yakabatwa nemagetsi ichichaja” inotyisa, asi inoyeuchidzawo mhomho yevanhu kuti vashandise vanogadzira zviri pamutemo pakuchaja nharembozha. Chaja inosangana nezvinodiwa nenyika.
Uye zvakare, usabvisa bhatiri wakazvimirira panguva yekushandiswa kwenharembozha. Kana bhatiri risina kujairika sekuti bhatiri rinoputika, rega kurishandisa nenguva woritsiva nemugadziri wenharembozha kudzivirira njodzi dzinokonzerwa nekushandisa bhatiri zvisina kunaka nepaunogona napo.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-24-2021